Chester Alan Arthur was an American attorney and politician who served as the 21st president of the United States from 1881 to 1885. Previously the 20th vice president, he succeeded to the presidency upon the death of President James A. Garfield in September 1881, two months after Garfield was shot by an assassin.

Stephen Grover Cleveland was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, the only president in American history to serve two nonconsecutive terms in office from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897.

Benjamin Harrison was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 23rd president of the United States from 1889 to 1893. He was a grandson of the ninth president, William Henry Harrison, and a great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison V, a founding father who signed the United States Declaration of Independence

Stephen Grover Cleveland was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, the only president in American history to serve two nonconsecutive terms in office from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897.

William McKinley was the 25th president of the United States, serving from 1897 until his assassination in 1901. McKinley was president during the Spanish–American War of 1898, raised protective tariffs to boost American industry, and rejected the expansionary monetary policy of free silver, keeping the nation on the gold standard.